What is Ketamine?
Ketamine is primarily used as an anesthetic and pain reliever, belonging to the category of dissociative anesthetics. This class of drugs induces a sense of detachment and can lead to hallucinogenic effects. Despite being commonly known as a horse tranquilizer due to its sedative properties, ketamine has extensive medical applications beyond veterinary use. It is an invaluable tool in human medicine for anesthesia and pain management. Furthermore, it is increasingly prescribed off-label to address chronic pain and depression. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has even approved a nasal spray containing a closely related version of ketamine for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression.
A Surge in Illicit Ketamine Supply
Recent research published in JAMA Psychiatry highlights a concerning increase in the illicit supply of ketamine. In 2022, law enforcement agencies seized over 1,500 pounds of ketamine, representing a twelve-fold rise compared to 2017. Notably, most of the illegally obtained ketamine was in powder form, posing additional risks.
Contamination and the Opioid Crisis
Illicit ketamine supply carries the risk of contamination with substances like fentanyl, a highly potent synthetic opioid-involved in numerous overdose deaths. The adulteration of ketamine can occur at any point along the supply chain, leading to unintended overdoses and emphasizing the severity of the issue.
Is Ketamine Addictive?
Ketamine has addictive potential, although the risk varies among individuals. Its dissociative effects and the euphoria it can induce make it appealing to some users. However, the likelihood of developing an addiction to ketamine is generally lower compared to drugs like opioids or stimulants. Prolonged and excessive use, however, can lead to psychological dependence.
How Addictive Is It?
The level of addiction varies depending on factors such as frequency and duration of use, dosage, individual susceptibility, and underlying mental health conditions. While physical dependence on ketamine is less common, psychological addiction can occur, leading to cravings, tolerance, and potential withdrawal symptoms.
Ketamine Side Effects
Using ketamine can result in various side effects, including:
- distorted perception
- nausea
- increased heart rate and blood pressure
- confusion
- hallucinations
- memory loss
- urinary problems
Duration of Effects:How Long Does Ketamine Last?
The effects of ketamine typically last for a short duration compared to some other drugs. The duration of the experience can vary based on dosage and individual sensitivity, but effects generally persist for around 1 to 2 hours. However, residual effects and cognitive impairment may continue for several hours after the initial experience.
Ketamine Overdose
Overdose can have severe consequences and pose a life-threatening risk. Signs of a ketamine overdose include:
-
- seizures
- extreme confusion
- difficulty breathing
- rapid heart rate
- loss of consciousness.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediate medical attention is critical for prompt intervention and prevention of further harm.
Learn more;
Is Ketamine an opioid?
Ketamine
In the United States, ketamine holds a distinct legal status based on its application. Medically, it is a legal anesthetic, approved for use in human surgeries as well as in veterinary medicine. This is contingent upon it being prescribed by a qualified healthcare provider. Furthermore, a specific form of ketamine, Esketamine, is approved for use as a nasal spray in the treatment of depression.
However, the legal perspective shifts when it comes to recreational use. Due to its hallucinogenic effects, ketamine is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance in the U.S. This classification implies that while ketamine has recognized medical uses, it also carries a potential for abuse. Consequently, possessing or using ketamine without a prescription is illegal. The enforcement of these laws and the severity of penalties for non-prescription use or possession can vary by state and local jurisdictions within the United States.
Street names of Ketamine include;
- Special K
- K
- Kit Kat
- Super Acid
- Vitamin K.
